1. I spend my money (a) I spent my money.
(b) I will spend my money.
(c) I have spent my money.
2. They use that one (a) They used that one.
(b) They will use that one.
(c) They has used that one.
3. We study English together (a) We studied English together.
(b) We will study English together.
(c) We have studied English together.
4. They discuss their work (a) They discussed their work.
(b) They will discuss their work.
(c) They have discussed their work.
5. They have enough time (a) They had enough time.
(b) They will have enough time.
(c) They have had enough time.
6. I do all of the lesson (a) I did all of the lesson.
(b) I will have do all the lesson.
(c) I have did all of the lesson.
7. He sits in that row (a) He sitted in that row.
(b) He will sit in the row.
(c) He has sitted in the row.
8. I drive my car (a) I drove my car.
(b) I will drive my car.
(c) I have drove my car.
9. She hides her money (a) She hid her money.
(b) She will hide her money.
(c) She has hid her money.
10. We go to school (a) We went to school.
(b) We will go to school.
(c) We have went to school.
11. He takes much time (a) He took much time.
(b) He will take much time.
(c) He has took much time.
12. Does he eat there? (a) Did he eat there ?
(b) Will he eat there ?
(c) Has he eaten there ?
13. Do you enjoy that work ? (a) Did you enjoy that work ?
(b) Will you enjoy that work ?
(c) Have you enjoyed that work?
14. Does he write many letters ? (a) Did he write many letter ?
(b) Will he write many letter ?
(c) Has he wrote many letter ?
15. Do you send many letters ? (a) Did you send many letter ?
(b) Will you send many letter ?
(c) Have you sent many letter ?
16. Do they explain everything ? (a) Did they explain everything ?
(b) Will they explain everything ?
(c) Have they explained everything ?
17. Does she attend that class ? (a) Did she attend that class ?
(b) Will she attend that class ?
(c) Has she attended class ?
18. Do you have enough time ? (a) Did you have enough time ?
(b) Will you have enough time ?
(c) Have you had enough time ?
19. Do they copy the sentences ? (a) Did they copy the sentences ?
(b) Will they copy the sentences ?
(c) Have they copied the sentences ?
20. Does she have much trouble ? (a) Did she have much trouble ?
(b) Will she have much trouble ?
(c) Has she had much trouble ?
21. Does she do good work ? (a) Did she do good work ?
(b) Will she do good work ?
(c) Has she done good work ?
22. Do the students practise ? (a) Did they practise ?
(b) Will they practise ?
(c) Have they practi
23. I don’t stay there (a) I didn’t stay there
(b) I won’t stay there
(c) I haven’t stayed there
24. He doesn’t work hard (a) He didn’t work hard
(b) He won’t work hard
(c) He haven’t worked there
25. I don’t have any energy (a) I didn’t have any energy
(b) I won’t haved any energy
(c) I haven’t haved any energy
26. He doesn’t pay his bills (a) He didn’t pay his bills
(b) He won’t pay his bills
(c) He haven’t payed his bills
27. We don’t see that fellow (a) We didn’t see that fellow
(b) We won’t see that fellow
(c) We haven’t seen that fellow
28. She doesn’t use this one (a) She didn’t use this fellow
(b) She won’t use this one
(c) She haven’t used this one
29. They don’t remember it (a) They didn’t remember it
(b) They won’t remember it
(c) They haven’t remember it
30. I don’t do much work here (a) I didn’t do much work here
(b) I won’t do much work here
(c) I haven’t do much worked here
31. He doesn’t listen carefully (a) He didn’t listen carefully
(b) He doesn’t listen carefully
(c) He haven’t listed carefully
Sabtu, 26 Februari 2011
Jumat, 25 Februari 2011
Puisi Bahasa Inggris
ABOVE LIGHT LIGHT
(Nuurun 'Alaa Nuur)
I wrote this poem
Kala moon full moon
From the reflection of light kupunguti verbatim
Pink sky orange
Steady wind symphony tone
Four wolves emerged from within my soul
Tell me about the story of death
Anecdotes about life
About "Lord" that the farther from the arms
In this quiet dawn upstream
When the eyes of my head that hit was ambushed by sleep
Eyes of my heart still wants to talk
Tells the story of restless longing heart and soul
Moonlight
It reminds me of "ALMIGHTY LIGHT" beauty
That because his life is arranged so perfectly
Light on Light
Nuurun 'Alaa Nuur
Thy-spark spark illuminates the dark souls
Uncover all the dark layers
Light on Light
Nuurun 'Alaa Nuur
From behind the thick fog of my soul
Let me peek beauty of Thy Light
(Nuurun 'Alaa Nuur)
I wrote this poem
Kala moon full moon
From the reflection of light kupunguti verbatim
Pink sky orange
Steady wind symphony tone
Four wolves emerged from within my soul
Tell me about the story of death
Anecdotes about life
About "Lord" that the farther from the arms
In this quiet dawn upstream
When the eyes of my head that hit was ambushed by sleep
Eyes of my heart still wants to talk
Tells the story of restless longing heart and soul
Moonlight
It reminds me of "ALMIGHTY LIGHT" beauty
That because his life is arranged so perfectly
Light on Light
Nuurun 'Alaa Nuur
Thy-spark spark illuminates the dark souls
Uncover all the dark layers
Light on Light
Nuurun 'Alaa Nuur
From behind the thick fog of my soul
Let me peek beauty of Thy Light
Past tense vs present perfect
Past Tense
Inti dari Past Tense adalah untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang telah “Lampau”. Lampau disini tak harus sudah lama-lama amat juga, pokoknya sudah berlalu, sudah lewat. Itulah penekanannya. Mungkin kemarin, satu jam lalu, 2 tahun lalu, 2 abad yang lalu, dan sebagainya. Semua itu sudah “Past”.
Rumus Past Tense:
Positif: S + V2
Negatif: S + did not + V1
Tanya: Did + S + V1
Ingat, V2 adalah Kata Kerja atau Verb bentuk ke-2.
Contoh Kalimat Past Tense:
- I launched this blog on july 14th 2010
Artinya:
Saya meluncurkan atau launching blog ini tanggal 14 juli 2010
Kata kerjanya bentuk kedua “launched”, ini tergolong kata kerja beraturan, tinggal tambahkan ED di belakang launch.
Contoh lain :
Kita akan pakai kata kerja bentuk 1-2-3 berikut:
see – saw – seen (melihat)
buy – bought- bought (membeli)
go – went – gone (pergi)
-I saw her standing there (Saya lihat dia berdiri disana).
-My Father bought this car last year
-They went to Tokyo last month
-She went home two minutes ago
Semua itu sudah terjadi, sudah melihat, membeli mobilnya juga tahun lalu, ke Tokyonya bulan lalu, pulangnya (went home) juga 2 menit yang lalu. Kita gunakan Past Tense.
Kalimat Negatif Past Tense
Sesuai rumusnya: S + did + not + V1
Jadi kita pakai “Did”. Karena negatif maka tambah “Not”. Jadi Did Not! Kalimat positif tadi, kita jadikan negatif:
-I saw her standing there
Menjadi: I did not see her standing there
Lihatlah saw jadi see lagi. See-saw-seen kan bentuk kata kerjanya?
Positif: My Father bought this car last year
Negatif: My Father did not BUY this car last year
Kalimat Tanya Past Tense
Kalau Anda sudah tau kalimat negatif Past Tense maka kalimat tanya tinggal dibalik, DID nya di depan Subject.
Positif: My Father bought this car last year
Tanya: Did My Father BUY this car last year
Boleh saja Anda tambahkan dengan Where, When, Why dan sebagainya seperti ini:
-When did my father buy this car?
-Why did they go to tokyo?
Present Perfect
[has/have + past participle] [Memiliki / telah + lalu partisip]
Examples: Contoh:
• You have seen that movie many times. Anda telah melihat bahwa banyak kali film.
• Have you seen that movie many times? Pernahkah Anda melihat bahwa banyak kali film?
• You have not seen that movie many times. Anda belum melihat bahwa banyak kali film.
Complete List of Present Perfect Forms Daftar Lengkap Bentuk Present Perfect
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
PENGGUNAAN 1 Waktu Tidak disebutkan Sebelum Sekarang
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. Kami menggunakan Present Perfect untuk mengatakan bahwa suatu tindakan terjadi pada waktu tidak tertentu sebelum sekarang. The exact time is not important. Waktu yang tepat tidak penting. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. Anda TIDAK BISA menggunakan Present Perfect dengan ekspresi waktu tertentu seperti: kemarin, satu tahun yang lalu, pekan lalu, ketika aku masih kecil, ketika saya tinggal di Jepang, pada saat itu, hari itu, satu hari, dll Kami BISA menggunakan Present Perfect dengan ekspresi tidak spesifik seperti: pernah, tidak pernah, sekali, banyak kali, beberapa kali, sebelum, sejauh ini, sudah, namun, dll
Examples: Contoh:
• I have seen that movie twenty times. Saya telah melihat film itu dua puluh kali.
• I think I have met him once before. Saya pikir saya sudah jumpa dia sekali sebelumnya.
• There have been many earthquakes in California. Ada banyak gempa bumi di California.
• People have traveled to the Moon. Orang-orang telah melakukan perjalanan ke Bulan.
• People have not traveled to Mars. Orang tidak melakukan perjalanan ke Mars.
• Have you read the book yet? Apakah Anda membaca buku ini belum?
• Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. Tidak ada yang pernah mendaki gunung itu.
• A: Has there ever been a war in the United States? A: Apakah pernah ada perang di Amerika Serikat?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States. B: Ya, telah terjadi perang di Amerika Serikat.
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect? Bagaimana Apakah Anda Sebenarnya Gunakan Present Perfect?
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. Konsep "waktu tidak tertentu" bisa sangat membingungkan untuk pelajar bahasa Inggris. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics: Yang terbaik adalah Present Perfect mengasosiasikan dengan topik-topik berikut:
TOPIC 1 Experience TOPIK 1 Pengalaman
You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. Anda dapat menggunakan Present Perfect untuk menggambarkan pengalaman Anda. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." Ini seperti berkata, "Saya punya pengalaman ..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. Anda juga dapat menggunakan tegang untuk mengatakan bahwa Anda belum pernah memiliki pengalaman tertentu. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event. Present Perfect TIDAK digunakan untuk menggambarkan peristiwa tertentu.
Examples: Contoh:
• I have been to France. Saya telah ke Prancis.
This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Kalimat ini berarti bahwa Anda telah memiliki pengalaman yang di Perancis. Maybe you have been there once, or several times. Mungkin Anda telah ada sekali, atau beberapa kali.
• I have been to France three times. Saya telah ke Prancis tiga kali.
You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence. Anda dapat menambahkan jumlah kali di akhir kalimat.
• I have never been to France. Saya belum pernah ke Prancis.
This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France. Kalimat ini berarti bahwa Anda belum punya pengalaman pergi ke Prancis.
• I think I have seen that movie before. Saya rasa saya telah melihat film itu sebelumnya.
• He has never traveled by train. Dia tidak pernah bepergian dengan kereta api.
• Joan has studied two foreign languages. Joan telah mempelajari dua bahasa asing.
• A: Have you ever met him? J: Apakah Anda pernah bertemu dengannya?
B: No, I have not met him. B: Tidak, saya belum bertemu dia.
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time TOPIK 2 Ubah Selama Waktu
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time. Kita sering menggunakan Present Perfect untuk berbicara tentang perubahan yang telah terjadi selama periode waktu.
Examples: Contoh:
• You have grown since the last time I saw you. Anda telah tumbuh sejak terakhir kali aku melihatmu.
• The government has become more interested in arts education. Pemerintah telah menjadi lebih tertarik pada pendidikan seni.
• Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established. Jepang telah menjadi salah satu program yang paling populer di universitas sejak program studi Asia didirikan.
• My English has really improved since I moved to Australia. Bahasa Inggris saya benar-benar telah membaik sejak saya pindah ke Australia.
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments TOPIK 3 Prestasi
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. Kita sering menggunakan Present Perfect untuk daftar prestasi individu dan kemanusiaan. You cannot mention a specific time. Anda tidak bisa menyebutkan waktu yang spesifik.
Examples: Contoh:
• Man has walked on the Moon. Manusia telah berjalan di Bulan.
• Our son has learned how to read. Anak kami telah belajar cara membaca.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases. Dokter telah menyembuhkan banyak penyakit mematikan.
• Scientists have split the atom. Para ilmuwan telah memisahkan atom.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting TOPIC 4 Sebuah Aksi Tambang yang belum Anda Berharap
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Kita sering menggunakan Present Perfect untuk mengatakan bahwa tindakan yang kita diharapkan tidak terjadi. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen. Menggunakan Present Perfect menunjukkan bahwa kita masih menunggu tindakan yang terjadi.
Examples: Contoh:
• James has not finished his homework yet. James belum selesai PR nya belum.
• Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate. Susan belum menguasai Jepang, tapi dia bisa berkomunikasi.
• Bill has still not arrived . Bill masih belum tiba.
• The rain hasn't stopped . Hujan belum berhenti.
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times TOPIK 5 Beberapa Tindakan di Times Berbeda
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Kami juga menggunakan Present Perfect untuk berbicara tentang berbagai tindakan yang telah terjadi di masa lalu pada waktu yang berbeda. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible. Present Perfect menunjukkan proses ini tidak lengkap dan tindakan lebih mungkin.
Examples: Contoh:
• The army has attacked that city five times. Militer telah menyerang kota itu lima kali.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester. Saya memiliki empat kuis dan lima tes sejauh semester ini.
• We have had many major problems while working on this project. Kami memiliki banyak masalah besar ketika bekerja pada proyek ini.
• She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick. Dia telah berbicara dengan beberapa pakar tentang masalah, tapi tidak ada yang tahu mengapa dia sakit.
Time Expressions with Present Perfect Sisa Ekspresi dengan Present Perfect
When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Ketika kita menggunakan Present Perfect itu berarti sesuatu yang telah terjadi di beberapa titik dalam hidup kita sebelum sekarang. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important. Ingat, waktu yang tepat tindakan terjadi adalah tidak penting.
Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. Kadang-kadang, kita ingin membatasi waktu kita cari dalam untuk sebuah pengalaman. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc. Kita bisa melakukan hal ini dengan ekspresi seperti: pada minggu lalu, pada tahun lalu, minggu ini, bulan ini, sejauh ini, sampai sekarang, dll
Examples: Contoh:
• Have you been to Mexico in the last year ? Apakah Anda pernah ke Meksiko pada tahun lalu?
• I have seen that movie six times in the last month . Saya telah melihat film itu enam kali pada bulan lalu.
• They have had three tests in the last week . Mereka telah memiliki tiga tes pada minggu lalu.
• She graduated from university less than three years ago. Dia lulus dari universitas kurang dari tiga tahun yang lalu. She has worked for three different companies so far . Dia telah bekerja selama tiga perusahaan yang berbeda sejauh ini.
• My car has broken down three times this week . Mobil saya mogok tiga kali seminggu ini.
NOTICE PEMBERITAHUAN
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Tahun lalu" dan "pada tahun lalu" sangat berbeda dalam arti. "Last year" means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past . "Tahun lalu" berarti tahun sebelum sekarang, dan itu dianggap sebagai waktu tertentu yang memerlukan Simple Past . "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. "Pada tahun lalu" berarti dari 365 hari yang lalu sampai sekarang. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect. Hal ini tidak dianggap sebagai waktu tertentu, sehingga diperlukan Present Perfect.
Examples: Contoh:
• I went to Mexico last year . Aku pergi ke Meksiko tahun lalu.
I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one. Aku pergi ke Meksiko pada tahun kalender sebelum yang satu ini.
• I have been to Mexico in the last year . Saya telah ke Meksiko pada tahun lalu.
I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now. Saya telah ke Meksiko setidaknya sekali di beberapa titik antara 365 hari yang lalu dan sekarang.
USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) PENGGUNAAN 2 Jangka waktu Dari Masa Lalu Hingga Sekarang (Non-Continuous Verbs)
With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs , we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. Dengan Non-Continuous Verbs dan terus-menerus menggunakan non Verba Campuran , kita menggunakan Present Perfect untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang dimulai di masa lalu dan terus sampai sekarang. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect. "Selama lima menit," "selama dua minggu," dan "sejak Tuesday" adalah semua jangka waktu yang dapat digunakan dengan Present Perfect.
Examples: Contoh:
• I have had a cold for two weeks. Saya memiliki pilek selama dua minggu.
• She has been in England for six months. Dia telah berada di Inggris selama enam bulan.
• Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl. Maria telah mengasihi coklat karena dia adalah seorang gadis kecil.
Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. Meskipun penggunaan di atas Present Perfect biasanya terbatas Non-Continuous Verbs dan menggunakan non-menerus Campuran Verbs, kata-kata "hidup," "bekerja," "mengajar," dan "studi" kadang-kadang digunakan dalam cara ini meskipun mereka TIDAK Non-Continuous Verbs.
ADVERB PLACEMENT Adverb PENEMPATAN
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Contoh di bawah ini menunjukkan penempatan kata keterangan tata bahasa seperti: selalu, hanya, pernah, pernah, masih, hanya, dll
Examples: Contoh:
• You have only seen that movie one time. Anda hanya melihat film itu satu kali.
• Have you only seen that movie one time? Apakah Anda hanya melihat film satu kali?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE AKTIF / PASIF
Examples: Contoh:
• Many tourists have visited that castle. Active Banyak wisatawan telah mengunjungi istana. Aktif
• That castle has been visited by many tourists. Passive puri tersebut telah dikunjungi oleh banyak wisatawan. Pasif
Perbedaan
1. simple past tense dipake saat keterangan waktunya udah selesai, sedangkan present perfect dipake saat keterangan waktunya belum selesai/masih berlanjut. Contoh:
I bought 3 books last week. (simple past-last week udh brlalu)
I have bought 3 books this week. (present perfect-this week belum berlalu, masih berlangsung)
2. simple past dipake untuk memberitahu berita yg udah lama, sedangkan present perfect untuk memberitahu berita yg baru saja terjadi. Contoh:
He finished his school last month. (simple past-udh lama lulus)
He has finished his school. (present perfect-baru aja lulus)
3. simple past keterangan waktunya jelas, sedangkan present perfect keterangan waktunya kurang jelas. Contoh:
I went to the library last night. (simple past-ket.waktu:last night)
I have gone to the library. (present perfect-ga jelas ket. waktunya)
4. simple past menggunakan 'for' dan 'since' saat kegiatannya udah selesai, sedangkan present perfect menggunakan 'for' dan 'since' saat kegiatannya masih berlanjut. Contoh:
I lived in London for 3 years. (simple past-udah selesai, sekarang nggak tinggal di London lagi)
I have lived in London for 3 years. (present perfect-masih berlangsung, sekarang pun masih di London)
Inti dari Past Tense adalah untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang telah “Lampau”. Lampau disini tak harus sudah lama-lama amat juga, pokoknya sudah berlalu, sudah lewat. Itulah penekanannya. Mungkin kemarin, satu jam lalu, 2 tahun lalu, 2 abad yang lalu, dan sebagainya. Semua itu sudah “Past”.
Rumus Past Tense:
Positif: S + V2
Negatif: S + did not + V1
Tanya: Did + S + V1
Ingat, V2 adalah Kata Kerja atau Verb bentuk ke-2.
Contoh Kalimat Past Tense:
- I launched this blog on july 14th 2010
Artinya:
Saya meluncurkan atau launching blog ini tanggal 14 juli 2010
Kata kerjanya bentuk kedua “launched”, ini tergolong kata kerja beraturan, tinggal tambahkan ED di belakang launch.
Contoh lain :
Kita akan pakai kata kerja bentuk 1-2-3 berikut:
see – saw – seen (melihat)
buy – bought- bought (membeli)
go – went – gone (pergi)
-I saw her standing there (Saya lihat dia berdiri disana).
-My Father bought this car last year
-They went to Tokyo last month
-She went home two minutes ago
Semua itu sudah terjadi, sudah melihat, membeli mobilnya juga tahun lalu, ke Tokyonya bulan lalu, pulangnya (went home) juga 2 menit yang lalu. Kita gunakan Past Tense.
Kalimat Negatif Past Tense
Sesuai rumusnya: S + did + not + V1
Jadi kita pakai “Did”. Karena negatif maka tambah “Not”. Jadi Did Not! Kalimat positif tadi, kita jadikan negatif:
-I saw her standing there
Menjadi: I did not see her standing there
Lihatlah saw jadi see lagi. See-saw-seen kan bentuk kata kerjanya?
Positif: My Father bought this car last year
Negatif: My Father did not BUY this car last year
Kalimat Tanya Past Tense
Kalau Anda sudah tau kalimat negatif Past Tense maka kalimat tanya tinggal dibalik, DID nya di depan Subject.
Positif: My Father bought this car last year
Tanya: Did My Father BUY this car last year
Boleh saja Anda tambahkan dengan Where, When, Why dan sebagainya seperti ini:
-When did my father buy this car?
-Why did they go to tokyo?
Present Perfect
[has/have + past participle] [Memiliki / telah + lalu partisip]
Examples: Contoh:
• You have seen that movie many times. Anda telah melihat bahwa banyak kali film.
• Have you seen that movie many times? Pernahkah Anda melihat bahwa banyak kali film?
• You have not seen that movie many times. Anda belum melihat bahwa banyak kali film.
Complete List of Present Perfect Forms Daftar Lengkap Bentuk Present Perfect
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
PENGGUNAAN 1 Waktu Tidak disebutkan Sebelum Sekarang
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. Kami menggunakan Present Perfect untuk mengatakan bahwa suatu tindakan terjadi pada waktu tidak tertentu sebelum sekarang. The exact time is not important. Waktu yang tepat tidak penting. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. Anda TIDAK BISA menggunakan Present Perfect dengan ekspresi waktu tertentu seperti: kemarin, satu tahun yang lalu, pekan lalu, ketika aku masih kecil, ketika saya tinggal di Jepang, pada saat itu, hari itu, satu hari, dll Kami BISA menggunakan Present Perfect dengan ekspresi tidak spesifik seperti: pernah, tidak pernah, sekali, banyak kali, beberapa kali, sebelum, sejauh ini, sudah, namun, dll
Examples: Contoh:
• I have seen that movie twenty times. Saya telah melihat film itu dua puluh kali.
• I think I have met him once before. Saya pikir saya sudah jumpa dia sekali sebelumnya.
• There have been many earthquakes in California. Ada banyak gempa bumi di California.
• People have traveled to the Moon. Orang-orang telah melakukan perjalanan ke Bulan.
• People have not traveled to Mars. Orang tidak melakukan perjalanan ke Mars.
• Have you read the book yet? Apakah Anda membaca buku ini belum?
• Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. Tidak ada yang pernah mendaki gunung itu.
• A: Has there ever been a war in the United States? A: Apakah pernah ada perang di Amerika Serikat?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States. B: Ya, telah terjadi perang di Amerika Serikat.
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect? Bagaimana Apakah Anda Sebenarnya Gunakan Present Perfect?
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. Konsep "waktu tidak tertentu" bisa sangat membingungkan untuk pelajar bahasa Inggris. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics: Yang terbaik adalah Present Perfect mengasosiasikan dengan topik-topik berikut:
TOPIC 1 Experience TOPIK 1 Pengalaman
You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. Anda dapat menggunakan Present Perfect untuk menggambarkan pengalaman Anda. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." Ini seperti berkata, "Saya punya pengalaman ..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. Anda juga dapat menggunakan tegang untuk mengatakan bahwa Anda belum pernah memiliki pengalaman tertentu. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event. Present Perfect TIDAK digunakan untuk menggambarkan peristiwa tertentu.
Examples: Contoh:
• I have been to France. Saya telah ke Prancis.
This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Kalimat ini berarti bahwa Anda telah memiliki pengalaman yang di Perancis. Maybe you have been there once, or several times. Mungkin Anda telah ada sekali, atau beberapa kali.
• I have been to France three times. Saya telah ke Prancis tiga kali.
You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence. Anda dapat menambahkan jumlah kali di akhir kalimat.
• I have never been to France. Saya belum pernah ke Prancis.
This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France. Kalimat ini berarti bahwa Anda belum punya pengalaman pergi ke Prancis.
• I think I have seen that movie before. Saya rasa saya telah melihat film itu sebelumnya.
• He has never traveled by train. Dia tidak pernah bepergian dengan kereta api.
• Joan has studied two foreign languages. Joan telah mempelajari dua bahasa asing.
• A: Have you ever met him? J: Apakah Anda pernah bertemu dengannya?
B: No, I have not met him. B: Tidak, saya belum bertemu dia.
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time TOPIK 2 Ubah Selama Waktu
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time. Kita sering menggunakan Present Perfect untuk berbicara tentang perubahan yang telah terjadi selama periode waktu.
Examples: Contoh:
• You have grown since the last time I saw you. Anda telah tumbuh sejak terakhir kali aku melihatmu.
• The government has become more interested in arts education. Pemerintah telah menjadi lebih tertarik pada pendidikan seni.
• Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established. Jepang telah menjadi salah satu program yang paling populer di universitas sejak program studi Asia didirikan.
• My English has really improved since I moved to Australia. Bahasa Inggris saya benar-benar telah membaik sejak saya pindah ke Australia.
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments TOPIK 3 Prestasi
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. Kita sering menggunakan Present Perfect untuk daftar prestasi individu dan kemanusiaan. You cannot mention a specific time. Anda tidak bisa menyebutkan waktu yang spesifik.
Examples: Contoh:
• Man has walked on the Moon. Manusia telah berjalan di Bulan.
• Our son has learned how to read. Anak kami telah belajar cara membaca.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases. Dokter telah menyembuhkan banyak penyakit mematikan.
• Scientists have split the atom. Para ilmuwan telah memisahkan atom.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting TOPIC 4 Sebuah Aksi Tambang yang belum Anda Berharap
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Kita sering menggunakan Present Perfect untuk mengatakan bahwa tindakan yang kita diharapkan tidak terjadi. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen. Menggunakan Present Perfect menunjukkan bahwa kita masih menunggu tindakan yang terjadi.
Examples: Contoh:
• James has not finished his homework yet. James belum selesai PR nya belum.
• Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate. Susan belum menguasai Jepang, tapi dia bisa berkomunikasi.
• Bill has still not arrived . Bill masih belum tiba.
• The rain hasn't stopped . Hujan belum berhenti.
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times TOPIK 5 Beberapa Tindakan di Times Berbeda
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Kami juga menggunakan Present Perfect untuk berbicara tentang berbagai tindakan yang telah terjadi di masa lalu pada waktu yang berbeda. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible. Present Perfect menunjukkan proses ini tidak lengkap dan tindakan lebih mungkin.
Examples: Contoh:
• The army has attacked that city five times. Militer telah menyerang kota itu lima kali.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester. Saya memiliki empat kuis dan lima tes sejauh semester ini.
• We have had many major problems while working on this project. Kami memiliki banyak masalah besar ketika bekerja pada proyek ini.
• She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick. Dia telah berbicara dengan beberapa pakar tentang masalah, tapi tidak ada yang tahu mengapa dia sakit.
Time Expressions with Present Perfect Sisa Ekspresi dengan Present Perfect
When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Ketika kita menggunakan Present Perfect itu berarti sesuatu yang telah terjadi di beberapa titik dalam hidup kita sebelum sekarang. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important. Ingat, waktu yang tepat tindakan terjadi adalah tidak penting.
Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. Kadang-kadang, kita ingin membatasi waktu kita cari dalam untuk sebuah pengalaman. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc. Kita bisa melakukan hal ini dengan ekspresi seperti: pada minggu lalu, pada tahun lalu, minggu ini, bulan ini, sejauh ini, sampai sekarang, dll
Examples: Contoh:
• Have you been to Mexico in the last year ? Apakah Anda pernah ke Meksiko pada tahun lalu?
• I have seen that movie six times in the last month . Saya telah melihat film itu enam kali pada bulan lalu.
• They have had three tests in the last week . Mereka telah memiliki tiga tes pada minggu lalu.
• She graduated from university less than three years ago. Dia lulus dari universitas kurang dari tiga tahun yang lalu. She has worked for three different companies so far . Dia telah bekerja selama tiga perusahaan yang berbeda sejauh ini.
• My car has broken down three times this week . Mobil saya mogok tiga kali seminggu ini.
NOTICE PEMBERITAHUAN
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Tahun lalu" dan "pada tahun lalu" sangat berbeda dalam arti. "Last year" means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past . "Tahun lalu" berarti tahun sebelum sekarang, dan itu dianggap sebagai waktu tertentu yang memerlukan Simple Past . "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. "Pada tahun lalu" berarti dari 365 hari yang lalu sampai sekarang. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect. Hal ini tidak dianggap sebagai waktu tertentu, sehingga diperlukan Present Perfect.
Examples: Contoh:
• I went to Mexico last year . Aku pergi ke Meksiko tahun lalu.
I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one. Aku pergi ke Meksiko pada tahun kalender sebelum yang satu ini.
• I have been to Mexico in the last year . Saya telah ke Meksiko pada tahun lalu.
I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now. Saya telah ke Meksiko setidaknya sekali di beberapa titik antara 365 hari yang lalu dan sekarang.
USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) PENGGUNAAN 2 Jangka waktu Dari Masa Lalu Hingga Sekarang (Non-Continuous Verbs)
With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs , we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. Dengan Non-Continuous Verbs dan terus-menerus menggunakan non Verba Campuran , kita menggunakan Present Perfect untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang dimulai di masa lalu dan terus sampai sekarang. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect. "Selama lima menit," "selama dua minggu," dan "sejak Tuesday" adalah semua jangka waktu yang dapat digunakan dengan Present Perfect.
Examples: Contoh:
• I have had a cold for two weeks. Saya memiliki pilek selama dua minggu.
• She has been in England for six months. Dia telah berada di Inggris selama enam bulan.
• Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl. Maria telah mengasihi coklat karena dia adalah seorang gadis kecil.
Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. Meskipun penggunaan di atas Present Perfect biasanya terbatas Non-Continuous Verbs dan menggunakan non-menerus Campuran Verbs, kata-kata "hidup," "bekerja," "mengajar," dan "studi" kadang-kadang digunakan dalam cara ini meskipun mereka TIDAK Non-Continuous Verbs.
ADVERB PLACEMENT Adverb PENEMPATAN
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Contoh di bawah ini menunjukkan penempatan kata keterangan tata bahasa seperti: selalu, hanya, pernah, pernah, masih, hanya, dll
Examples: Contoh:
• You have only seen that movie one time. Anda hanya melihat film itu satu kali.
• Have you only seen that movie one time? Apakah Anda hanya melihat film satu kali?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE AKTIF / PASIF
Examples: Contoh:
• Many tourists have visited that castle. Active Banyak wisatawan telah mengunjungi istana. Aktif
• That castle has been visited by many tourists. Passive puri tersebut telah dikunjungi oleh banyak wisatawan. Pasif
Perbedaan
1. simple past tense dipake saat keterangan waktunya udah selesai, sedangkan present perfect dipake saat keterangan waktunya belum selesai/masih berlanjut. Contoh:
I bought 3 books last week. (simple past-last week udh brlalu)
I have bought 3 books this week. (present perfect-this week belum berlalu, masih berlangsung)
2. simple past dipake untuk memberitahu berita yg udah lama, sedangkan present perfect untuk memberitahu berita yg baru saja terjadi. Contoh:
He finished his school last month. (simple past-udh lama lulus)
He has finished his school. (present perfect-baru aja lulus)
3. simple past keterangan waktunya jelas, sedangkan present perfect keterangan waktunya kurang jelas. Contoh:
I went to the library last night. (simple past-ket.waktu:last night)
I have gone to the library. (present perfect-ga jelas ket. waktunya)
4. simple past menggunakan 'for' dan 'since' saat kegiatannya udah selesai, sedangkan present perfect menggunakan 'for' dan 'since' saat kegiatannya masih berlanjut. Contoh:
I lived in London for 3 years. (simple past-udah selesai, sekarang nggak tinggal di London lagi)
I have lived in London for 3 years. (present perfect-masih berlangsung, sekarang pun masih di London)
Rabu, 23 Februari 2011
Vocabulary things office
1. glue:lem
2. calculator: kalkulator
3. sellotape:sellotape
4. file:file
5. rubber:karet hapus
6.stapler: penjilid
7.hole punch:pembolong kertas
8. drawing pin:pin gambar
9.paper clip:klip kertas
10.scissors:gunting
11.ruler:peggaris
12.photocopier:fotokopi
13.paper cutter:pemotong kertas
14. Tape (dispenser) : Tape (dispenser)
15. Paper clip holder:klip kertas pemegang
16. Pushpins:paku payung
17. Bulldog clip:bulldog klip
18. Correction Fluid (white-out):Koreksi Fluida (putih-out)
19. Pencil sharpener:rautan pensil
20. Stapler:jepretan
21. Pen:pena
22. Pencil:pensil
23. Highlighter:stabilo
24. Rubber bands (elastic bands):karet gelang
25.scissors:gunting
26.Business cards:kartu nama
27.calendar :kalender
28.appointment book :penunjukan buku
29.Carbon paper: kertas karbon
30.clip board: papan klip
31.desk lamp:lampu meja
32. computer:komputer
33.laptop: laptop
34. electric typewriters:mesin tik listrik
35.whiteboard : papan tuis
36.dry erase markers :penghapus spidol
37.fax machine :mesin fax
38.printer :printer
39.nameplate:papan nama
40. notepad :notepad
41.notice board :papan pengumuman
42. binder:binder
43.swivel chair:kursi putar
44.wastepaper basket:keranjang sampah
45.trash can:tong sampah
46.knife:pisau
47.overhead projector:OHP
48.globe: bola dunia tiruan
49.pictur :lukisan
50.paper: kertas
51. tabke:meja
52.TV antena :antenna tv
53Digital parabola: parabola digital
54.cctv: alat pengintai
55.EQUIPMENT FIRE LIGHTER: alat pemadam api ringan
56.Cash register: mesin hitung uang
57.Cupboard Archive: lemari arsip
58.Safe: brankas
59.projector lamps: lampu projector
60.satellite phone: telepon satelit
61. Newspaper Stand :rak koran
62.Auto air freshener: pengharum ruangan otomatis
63.Rule Book Company: buku peraturan perusahaan
64.Ink: tinta
65.Stamp duty: materai
66.Black Ban Lak: lakban hitam
67.Cash Book quarto Checks & Deposit Receipt: buku kas kuarto penerima cek & giro
68.Receipt Books: buku kwitansi
69.Envelopes brown rope: amplop tali coklat
70.cupboard: lemari
71.agency heads: kepala dinas
72.general meneger: meneger umum
73.head of internal audit: kepala audit internal
74.vice president:wakil direktur utama
75.direktur marketing:direktur pemasaran
76.direktur finance: direktur keuangan
77.commissioner: komisaris
78.personnel: personalia
79.production director: direktur produksi
80.director expenditure:direktur pembelanjan
81.research director: direktur penelitian
82.director of development: direktur pengembangan
83.staff: para pegawai
84.security : satpam
85. secretary: sekertaris
86. office boy: pesuruh kantor
87.designer graphics: desainer grafis
88.maintenance: pemeliharaan
89.production control: pengendalian produksi
90.supervisor: pengawas
91.head packing: kepala pengepakan
92.amplas sending: mandor ampals pengiriman
93.director of space: ruang direktur
94.information space: ruang informasi
95.machine: mesin
96.toilet room: toilet
97.pencil cases: tempat pensil
98. flowerpot: pot bunga
99.sofa: dipan
100. bookcase: lemari buku
2. calculator: kalkulator
3. sellotape:sellotape
4. file:file
5. rubber:karet hapus
6.stapler: penjilid
7.hole punch:pembolong kertas
8. drawing pin:pin gambar
9.paper clip:klip kertas
10.scissors:gunting
11.ruler:peggaris
12.photocopier:fotokopi
13.paper cutter:pemotong kertas
14. Tape (dispenser) : Tape (dispenser)
15. Paper clip holder:klip kertas pemegang
16. Pushpins:paku payung
17. Bulldog clip:bulldog klip
18. Correction Fluid (white-out):Koreksi Fluida (putih-out)
19. Pencil sharpener:rautan pensil
20. Stapler:jepretan
21. Pen:pena
22. Pencil:pensil
23. Highlighter:stabilo
24. Rubber bands (elastic bands):karet gelang
25.scissors:gunting
26.Business cards:kartu nama
27.calendar :kalender
28.appointment book :penunjukan buku
29.Carbon paper: kertas karbon
30.clip board: papan klip
31.desk lamp:lampu meja
32. computer:komputer
33.laptop: laptop
34. electric typewriters:mesin tik listrik
35.whiteboard : papan tuis
36.dry erase markers :penghapus spidol
37.fax machine :mesin fax
38.printer :printer
39.nameplate:papan nama
40. notepad :notepad
41.notice board :papan pengumuman
42. binder:binder
43.swivel chair:kursi putar
44.wastepaper basket:keranjang sampah
45.trash can:tong sampah
46.knife:pisau
47.overhead projector:OHP
48.globe: bola dunia tiruan
49.pictur :lukisan
50.paper: kertas
51. tabke:meja
52.TV antena :antenna tv
53Digital parabola: parabola digital
54.cctv: alat pengintai
55.EQUIPMENT FIRE LIGHTER: alat pemadam api ringan
56.Cash register: mesin hitung uang
57.Cupboard Archive: lemari arsip
58.Safe: brankas
59.projector lamps: lampu projector
60.satellite phone: telepon satelit
61. Newspaper Stand :rak koran
62.Auto air freshener: pengharum ruangan otomatis
63.Rule Book Company: buku peraturan perusahaan
64.Ink: tinta
65.Stamp duty: materai
66.Black Ban Lak: lakban hitam
67.Cash Book quarto Checks & Deposit Receipt: buku kas kuarto penerima cek & giro
68.Receipt Books: buku kwitansi
69.Envelopes brown rope: amplop tali coklat
70.cupboard: lemari
71.agency heads: kepala dinas
72.general meneger: meneger umum
73.head of internal audit: kepala audit internal
74.vice president:wakil direktur utama
75.direktur marketing:direktur pemasaran
76.direktur finance: direktur keuangan
77.commissioner: komisaris
78.personnel: personalia
79.production director: direktur produksi
80.director expenditure:direktur pembelanjan
81.research director: direktur penelitian
82.director of development: direktur pengembangan
83.staff: para pegawai
84.security : satpam
85. secretary: sekertaris
86. office boy: pesuruh kantor
87.designer graphics: desainer grafis
88.maintenance: pemeliharaan
89.production control: pengendalian produksi
90.supervisor: pengawas
91.head packing: kepala pengepakan
92.amplas sending: mandor ampals pengiriman
93.director of space: ruang direktur
94.information space: ruang informasi
95.machine: mesin
96.toilet room: toilet
97.pencil cases: tempat pensil
98. flowerpot: pot bunga
99.sofa: dipan
100. bookcase: lemari buku
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